Beed is situated in the Deecan black basalt stone, ranges of Balaghat that constitutes main range from Ahmednagar in the west, to the border of district Beed in the East. This range divides the district into two parts. The plain area in the North is called as Gangathadi (bank of Ganga-Godavari) and the higher part is called as Ghat at Balaghat. Many hills exceed 2500 feet mark from the sea-level Balaghat range is between heights of 2000 and 2200 feet, whereas the plains called Gangathadi have the heights between 1200 and 1500 feet from the sea-level. The height of Ashti Tehsil is between 1750 and 2000 feet from the sea-level. The slope of Ashti Tehsil is in the Southern direction.

Area and Administrative Sections :

The total area of Beed district is 10615.3 Sq.Kms and it is 3.44% of Maharashtra State. Further division of area is 234.9 Sq.Kms (2.2%) in Urban parts and 10380.4 Sq.Kms i.e. 97.79% in rural area. For administrative purpose two parts have been formed. One section is at Beed and it includes 1)Beed, 2)Georai, 3)Patoda, 4)Ashti, 5)Shirur(Kasar) Tehsils while other section is Ambajogai that includes 1)Ambajogai, 2)Kaij, 3)Majalgaon, 4)Dharur, 5)Parli(V), 6)Wadwani Tehsils. There are special Deputy Collector offices in these in these two sections. There are 11 Tehsils and excluding urban area, there are 11 Panchayat Samities. At Beed Zilla Parishad governs all these 11 Panchayat Samities.

There are 1365 villages as per the census report of 2001. Out of total 1019 Gram Panchayats (village Panchayats), 833 had independent while 186 are group-gram-panchayats. There are A-class Nagar Parishads in Beed-Town, B-class in Parli Vaijnath and Ambajogai and C-class in Dharur, Georai and Majalgaon out of total 6 Nagar-Parishads. There are 8 Market Committees each one at Beed, Georai, Majalgaon, Kaij, Patoda, Ashti and Parli(V).

Soil Science :

The area of Beed is 3.45% of the state as per 1991 census and the population of the district was 2.23% of the state. As per 2001 census, the population per Sq.Km.. in Beed district is 203 where as that of state is 318. The population in rural area is 171 per Sq.Km.. But in urban area is 1646 per Sq.Km.. In urban area, the most dense area is Beed town with density 16637 per Sq.Km.. While the lowest density is in Georai 544 per Sq.Km.. In the rural area the density of Beed Tehsil 170 per Sq.Km.. Where as the lowest one is in Patoda 72 per Sq.Km..

Urban and Rural population:

18. The definition of worker according to census 1981 was changed and a new term simant worker was in produced. One who works for the whole year is a worker hence farmers small cottage industry merchants were included in the term worker one who works for a day of some days if persons working daily wages are treated as simant worker.

19. As per census 1991 there are 7.59 lakh workers in the Dist and when compared to total population it course to 41.63%

20. The worker was classified in 9 groups 1) 0 to 14 age group 2) The age group of 15 to 19 yrs. 8.2% 3) 20 to 40 yrs. 7.48% that 4) The age group of 25 to 29 has 6.88% 5) 30 to 35 yrs. Age group consists if 6.37% 6) 35 to 39 yrs. 6.18% 7) 40 to 49 yrs. 10.12% 8) 52 to 59 yrs. 6.74% 9) Above 60yrs. 7.17% .

In brief, the statistics of percentage shown above indicates that the percentage of 15 to 50 yrs. is 51.97% and they are capable of any work while 48.03 % are not capable.

Literacy Proportion

23. As per census 2001 the literacy of Beed is 60.48% and that of state is 77.30% . The difference between the Urban and Rural area is large as Urban literacy is 80.84% and Rural literacy is 65.75% . In Urban area Beed town has maximum 84.15% and of Majalgaon minimum 75.53% . In Rural area Ambajogai Maximum 81.95% and Dharur has minimum 75.53% . In Rural women’s literacy Wadawani has minimum 45.38% , Ambajogai maximum 57.49% .

Usable Houses and Families.

24. As per census 1991 there're 4.51 lakh homes in which 3.41 lakh families live . Families having own homes have 88.29% . while families living on rent-basis are 9.10%.

Income of Dist.

25. It is difficult to calculate income of Dist , as it is related to transaction in nearby or far- away Dist, hence the method of income originating approach is adopted. Although the statistics regarding income is not available it is crystal clear that the income of Dist is very little as compared to other Dist. The index has also some limitations, hence the published figures in charts should be considered as income of Beed Dist.

Forests

26. The report concerning seasons and crops in 1998-99 indicates that 25817 Hectors forest area is there but the soil and forest are of lower quality. The forest area is only 2.47% of total area and it is very less than that of the state. The environmental ideal percentage is 33%, hence efforts for a forestations is need of the hour but the work has a slow and negligible pace. Ambajogai has maximum proportion of forest area of 5.45% , Dharur 5.08%, Kaij 4.86 %, Beed 3.48% , Patoda 2.22%, Ashti 1.82%, Majalgaon 0.55%, Parali 0.54%, and Georai nil (0.00%) ,therefore Georai, Parli, Majalgaon, Ashti, must have more plans of forestation.

27. The East Balaghat ranges are existing in Patoda, Beed, Kaij and Ambajogai but the income sources scrum these forests is inaugural. In 2002-2003 The income has been only 139.40 lakh Rs.

Agriculture.

28. The information regarding cultivation is available in 1998-99 hence it is accepted as the basis for the following details.

29. The forest area is 0.26 lakh Hectors out of total 10.67 lakh hectors it is only 2.40% . The area that is not suitable for agriculture is 0.43 lakh Hec. While the area that can be used for cultivation is 0.62 lakh Hec. The actual area Under cultivation is 8.81 lakh Hec. The area for cattle pastures only 0.36 lakh H. and is proportional to cow family area is only 0.23 lakh H. The cultivated land is only 0.41 H. per head. Due to irregular and in adequate Mansoon the confusions become more compounded .

30. As per agricultural reports of 1990-91 there are 4,05,539 land owners possessing 893872 He. Of these those having less than 1 hector. Are 123486 and they possess only 69913 Hec. Land . Those possessing land between 1 to 2 hector. Are 128670 possessing 188790 Hector. Those with 2 to 4 Hector. Are 98176 having 271975 Hector. Those between 4 and 10 Hector. Each are 49833 having 286998 hector. Those with 10 to 20 Hector. Are 5374 having 76196 Hector.

It is clear that 2,52,156 are Alpa Bhudharak (B.P.L.) and even less than that having only 258703 hector. The proportion between the land owners and landless is 62.18% and their lands are only 28.94%.

Table No. 1

Cultivated land and their proportion.

31

Sr.    Land owner    Total    Posserser     Proportion    Proportion    Hector. No. land to total to total

Posserser land

1     2     3     4     5         6    

1) 0.02 to 1.0 123486 69913 30.45 7.82

2) 1.0 to 2.0 128670 188790 31.73 21.12

3) 2.0 to 4.0 98176 271975 24.21 30.43

4) 4.0 to 10.0 49833 286998 12.89 32.11

5) 10.0 to 20.0 4891 61144 1.21 6.84

6) 20.0 & above 483 15052 0.11 1.68

Total 405539 893872 100.00 100.00

Crops and crop-pattern.

32. Two harvests Kharip and Rabbi are adopted . In Kharip , the crops are High-bred , Jawar, Bajra,Tur, Udid, Cotton and ground-nut while in Rabbi The crops are Jawar, Wheat, Harbara, Kardai etc. In annual pattern crop are sunflower and summer groundnuts. Fruits and vegetables are grown as per water resources.

33. In Beed Patoda, Kaij, Ambajogai and Ashti Kharip harvest is accepted only in Georai and Majalgaon both Kharip and Rabbi harvests pattern is adopted. In 1998-99 out of total cultivated area Jwari 33.23%, Bajri 18.83%, cereals 57.60%, Kaddhanya 10.62%, Sugarcane 2.17%, In total 74.27% are edible crops. Cotton 11.82%, other 10.40% are Glitches crops .

34. The commercial crops are sugarcane and cotton and as the number of Sugar factories increases, there is more sugarcane.

35. The proportion of crops is less due to scarcity of rains. In 2002-2003 the production of cereals was 4.22 lakh M.T. whereas that of pulses was 0.48 lakh M.T. The cotton production was 120 bundles (Gasadi) each consisting 170 Kg. While sugarcane production was 22150 tones. Per Hector. Crop pattern is as follows: wheat 961 Kg, Jwari 723 kg. Bajri 838 kg. Cereals –Harbara(Chana) 403 kg, tur 381 kg, Ground nut 789 kg. Cotton(L.T.) 552 kg, and all these are less when compared to the state production and proportion therefore High-bred seeds, chemical fertilizers and proportionate use of fertilizers must be accepted for more and better production and proportion per hector.

Use of Organic and Chemical fertilizers.

39. Fertilizers have been distributed. On taluka level it lies Ashti 8102 M.T. Kaij 3320 M.T. Patoda 11293 M.T. Georai 12584 M.T. Majalgaon 8956 M.T. Beed 41480 M.T. Dharur 1568 M.T. Parli 17742 M.T. Ambajogai 9563 M.T. in 2001-2002 it was 63277 M.T. and in the next year it is 39331 more.

Crop Protection.

37. Agricultural dept helps farmers in pesticides and insecticides the use was 80% on cotton crops 

38. There are 8 Marketing Communities each one at 1)Beed 2)Gavarai 3) Majalgaon 4)Ambajogai 5) Parli. Vaijnath 6)Dharur 7) Patoda 8) Kava Tq. Ashti.

In 2002-2003 they managed for 122702 tones worth. Rs. 13488.33 lakh. The Govt. rate pattern is adopted. In the year 2002-2003 cotton was 22934 quintal worth Rs. 4455.04 lakh was purchased under cotton Ekadhikar Principle

39. There are 5 Godowns with capacity to store 9750 M.T. at Beed, in Parli-Vaijnath 9 godowns with capacity of 21800 M.T. storage and in Gaerai 3 godowns with capacity to store 5400 M.T. The total capacity of storage is 36950 M.T. and they are used to store edible corns, pulsed, sterilizers and cement.

40. In Beed Dist. Near Majalgaon, there is Majalgaon Dam is a large project but is helps only Majalgaon and Ambajogai Talukas. The catchments area is 131520 Hec. Of which only 93885 Hec. Is in Dist. And if is brought under irrigation facilities, it will be 71.38% . There are 16 medium projects completed and 2 are in progress. 805 minor projects for the area of 45979 Hec. Are functioning. In 1998-99, 253586 Hec. Area was irrigated in 1998-99, 304988 Hec. Was irrigated. This is only 27 to total catchments area of this 253586 Hec. 71160 Hec. is irrigated by canals where as 143571 Hec. area is irrigated by wells of 253586 Hec. With irrigation provisions, 54.93% is for corm crops, 5.04% for sugarcane, 3.5% for Cotton and the remaining is for pulses, cereals and vegetables.

6) Dairies and Animal Husbandry

41. In 1997 Cattle census there were over 3 yrs age 1.05 lakh milking cows and 121 thousand crors bred cows. Since 1981 milking cows are provided for Business to farmers and the excess milk is sent to other places. There were over 3 yrs age 247 thousand bullocks and per pair of bullocks in 1990-91 there was 3.62 Hec. land for cultivation. The buffalos male and female together were 189 thousand of which 2000 males above 3 yrs and 105 thousand females. Of which 60 thousand were milking buffalos. The percentage of cattle in comparison to earlier cattle census report has grown by 1.04%.

42. The same census points out 5.32 lakh goats and 1.63 lakh sheep. Goats are used for milk and flesh The male goat is rod after 1 yr age The wool provided by sheep is negligible. The hens coco and ducko were 7.55 lakh. Poultry development is very less. The proportion has grown 125% more that earlier census report.

43. Milk or dairy business is growing up. There are total 1458 collecting milk centers or dairies. Beed’s govt. dairy collects is. Routine milk-sellers are more in Dist.

44. In 2002-03, 62187 animals were killed in 11 slaughter houses with Govt. permission.

45. The poultry business is not existing on a large scale.

46. Zilla Parishad provides medical help to animals. Each Taluka has a small hospital and Govt. Hospital is in Beed. There were 41 hospitals and 77 first aid centers in 2002-03 and they treated 397 thousand animals. In addition vaccination sterilization, crors. Fertilization, artificial insemination facilities are also provided. There were 153 centers for artificial insemination in 2002-03 and 67 thousand cows were used for the purpose, and yielded 23303 kids. The proportion to cattle population is one hospital or center for 13867 cattles.

47. Cross breed cows yield more milk. The frozen semen is provided by Pune. Fodder development is also undertaken. There are chilling plants to protect milk.

48. At Majalgaon and Manjara Project fish production, development work is done. Roha and Kotla fish are grown and sold. In 2002-03 3550 M.T. fish were captured and sold for 890 lakh. Rs. There are 121 fishery centers in 2002-03.

Development Programme:-

Electrification of Towns and villages.

50. Parli has a thermal power center. There is 100% electrification in rural and urban areas of the Dist.

Electric Pump sets

51. At the end of March 2003,84312 electric pumps were set most of there are on wells.

Use of Electricity

52. 655803 thousand K. Watts electricity was used in 2002-03. For household 12.00% agriculture 72.72% Lamplights 0.41% Industry purpose 6.53% and commercial 2.20% and other 6.14% electricity was utilized in 2000-03.

53. There are no mines, bricks, sand, mud are used with Tehsil’s permission.

54. In 2002 out of 114 Registered factories 46 were closed. There were 7195 workers in them. As per 2001 census, the workers were 333 in 1 lakh population.

55. In 2002 out of 68 factories 39 were for wood-cutting and sales forming. There were only 18 workers Agriculture industry and Cattle serving workers were 82 while food creating a centers consisted 2713 workers.

56. Maharashtra Udyoga Mandal has undertaken two projects at Beed and Parli has production of electricity. There are 7 sugar factories working in Beed Dist.

57. Dist Udyoga centers guides for small-scale and hut or village industries. The nationalized banks provide essential loans to new Udyoigs.

58. There is only one Broadguage line from Parli-Vaijnath of 40.38 Km. And Parli to Parbhani of 7.48 Km length.

59. Classified Roads excluding Municipal Roads have length of 9087.47 K.M. in the end of March 2003. The state high was is 1257.27 Km. Long. The main roads have 1650.00 Km. In Dist and other Dist. Roads are 1372 .85 Km. Length. The proportion is 85.61 Km. In 100 Su. Km. Area. The proportion in state is 71.13 Km. As per census 2001, 420.72 Km. Roads are for 1 lakh population.

60. 1145 villages for complete year and 45 villages for seasons are attached to main roads.

61. In March 2003, 83505 auto vehicles were registered. It is more by 13.94% in comparison to former year of there 67.96% are two wheelers, 6.28% are trucks, 10.37% are jeeps and cars, and 15.39% are other vehicles.

Transport

62. As there is no railway track, the transport is in tracks. As the business grows, the number of vehicle also grows.

63. There were 436 S.T. Buses running on 567 roads in 2003. Their daily average is 419 of travelers is 1.53 lakh.

64. In 2002-03 there were 330 post offices and 20 telegram offices. All villages are connected by post facilities.

65. At the end of March 2003 there were 54089 phones of which 15329 were in Beed Tehsil. In Ambajogai 7998, Parli 7227, Gevrai 5422, Ashti 4228, Majalgaon 4621, Kaij 3417, Patoda 2579, Dharur 1025, Shirur (Kasar) 1415 and Wadwani 828 phones are working.

66. Asper employment office report 2002-03 there were 47610 workers of which 14616 were in Govt. offices, Local and semi-Govt. institutions have 22453 persons. The remaining 10541 are in private institutions.

67. By 2002-03 the registration was of 79718 candidated and 41 persons were employed in the year.

68. There are 1 Govt. and 2 private technical centers, 10 Govt. technical institutions, 5 private and 43 for + 2 stages. In Govt. civil Engineer. Mechanical Engineer courses are conducted while in private 1) Construction Technology 2) Communication Engineer are the branches. In every branch 60 students are admitted.

69. Under various E.G.S. schemes and works 119.83 lakh human were provided work and expenditure was 7192.4 lakh Rs. In rural areas Jawahar Rojar Yojana is implemented. In 2002-03, 940.92 lakh Rs. Were spent and through it 10.87 lakh human days work was created.

70. By the end of 2002-03 there were 4672 co-op. institutions with 655 thousand members. Credit societies are 729 and other are 3943. The percentage is 15.6 and 84.4. There are 383 and 159 thousand members respectively and they distributed 5474.79 lakh Rs. And 31779.85 lakh Rs. Loans respectively.

71. There are 95 Panan Sansthas with 3000 members. There are 1943 productive sansthas with 39 thousand members.

72. Housing societies have constructed 3529 while fishery sansthas collected fish worth Rs. 890 Lakh. 7 factories created 2.09 lakh M.T. sugarcane.

73. There is Dist central Co-op. Bank with 68 branches in 2002-03. The bank distributed 34531.43 lakh Rs. Loans. There are in each tehsil one land development bank.

13) Bank

74. There are 8 classified banks functioning in 2003 with 101 branches. They collected 59216 lakh Rs. and distributed loans of 506361 lakh Rs. There are 76 branches of Co-op. bank. The number of banks is commercial 5 and Co-op. 4 for every lakh of population.

75. Lead banks help commercial and Co-op. banks to distribute loans.

76. As per the base of Nanded (year 1982) in March 2003 the index is 494.

77. There were 2019 Primary and 468 middle schools in 2001-02. By the end of step. the number of students was 342 thousand including 166 thousand girls. The percentage of girls is 48.71% There are 8476 teacher and the proportion is 40 students per teacher. For every middle school, there are 4 primary schools. The number of middle school students is 66 while of primary is 100.

78. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University is in Aurangabad. There are arts, science, commerce colleges. Each one at Taluka. In 2001-02 there were 72 teaching secondary and 43 colleges teaching 113 thousand students. Iii is also there other Educational Programmes.

79. As per the Govt. policy, literacy programmes are organized for age group between 15 and 35 yrs and adults. There were in 2002-03, 582 centers useful for 172 thousand people.

80. The medicinal assistance is provided through Govt. institutes, local institutes ( Z.P. and Sevabhavi) and private institutes. The Dist has provision of 1398 beds of which Ambajogai has medical College with provision of 585 beds, and it benefited 60 thousand patients in 2002-03. In addition there is special T.B. Hospital and 47 primary Health enters of Z.P. As per census 2001 the number of beds is 65 for each lakh of population.

81. There were 53 centers in 2002-03 though these centers Triple, polio, B.C.G., Anti-measles, D.T. and Anti-titanus vaccinations, inoculations and doses were provided to respectively 53550, 53929, 56012, 57532, 47112 and 50762 children.

82. There is special programme for the weaker section viz. S.C., S.T., through rural machinery. Digging wells, Hostel facilities, free ship in education, scholarships, Dress distribution, books distribution, building houses loans and subsidies, subsidies for land-reforms, providing employment are important features. In 2002-03, the provision was made of 1337.98 lakh Rs. but actually only 1074.21 lakh Rs. was the expenditure.

83. In 2002.03, 1005 villages were provided permanent and temporary water supply as the rains had been inadequate 360 villages and 538 wadis were supplied with Tankers.

84. As per 1992-93 reports of village development, there were 95282 families below poverty level. Improvement of land, bullock curls, digging wells, Electric pumps, agriculture necessary objects (aujaras), milking cattle, and other purposes a loan of 9650 Rs. can be given. In the year 2002-03, 2934 persons were benefited. The landless and land owners are helped under 20 point programme.

85. Although Beed Dist. Is not declared as Adivasi Dist. Many schemes for Adivasis are implemented in the Dist. (O.T.S.P.). In Beed Dist at Swedi and Shedala in Ashti Taluka, there is an AshramSahla education 214 and 150 students respectively. For the N.T.S. and D.N.T.s there were 21 primary and 5 middle school Ashramshalas. 3 schools for sugarcane migrant’s kids. In different 69 hostels 3503 students of Backward class are admitted, under Backward welfare plans.

86. There were 1019 village Panchayats, 838 full and 186 group. The income and expenditure was 738 lakh and 558 lakh. Rs. respectively.

87. There were 6 Nagar Parishadas, their income and expenditure was 3674 lakh and 3054 lakh Rs. respectively. In the year 2001-02 (actual) and 2002-03 (improved) the income and expenditure has been 17204.63 lakh, 17203.54 lakh, 17811.81 lakh, 17810.60 lakh Rs. respectively.

88. There are 22 police stations and 13 Police out posts at the end of March 2003. The total number of Police was 1645 in 2002-03 and Rs. 1500 lakh were spent. 6141 cases were recorded in court in the year 2002-03.

89. There are 12 cinema theatres, and movies talkies are 12 and 46 V.D.O. theatres. The income from these had been 58.77 lakh Rs. in the year 2003